Retention References (updated 8/2007)

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Abbott-Chapman, J (1994). Challenge of retention: Raising and meeting students' educational expectations. Youth Studies Australia, 13(2), 17-20.

Abelman, R., & Molina, A. (2001). Style and substance revisited: A longitudinal analysis of intrusive intervention. NACADA Journal, 21, 32-39.

Aberson, C., Swan, D. J., Emerson, E. P. (1999). Covert discrimination against gay men by U.S. college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(3), 323-334.

Abona, C., & Novy, D. M. (1990). Noncognitive dimensions as predictors of college success among Black, Mexican-American, and White students. Journal of College Student Development, 31, 415-422.

Abona, C., & Novy, D. M. (1991). Hispanic college students: Are there within-group differences? Journal of College Student Development, 32(4), 90-100. Abrahamowicz, D. (1988). College involvement, perceptions, and satisfaction: A study of membership in student organizations. Journal of College Student Development, 29, 233-238. Ackerman, S. P. (1991). The benefits of summer bridge programs for underrepresented and low-income students. College and University, 66(4), 201-208. Adams, S., & Adams, H. (1993). Techniques for effective undergraduate mentoring: A faculty/student guide. Notre Dame: National Center for Graduate Education for Minorities. Adamson, G., McAleavy, G. (2000). Withdrawal from vocational courses in colleges of further and higher education in Northern Ireland. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 52(3), 535-553.

Adan, A. M., & Felner, R. D. (1995). Ecological congruence and adaptation of minority youth during the transition to college. Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 256-269.

Adelman, C. (1999). Answers in a toolbox: Academic intensity, attendance patterns, and bachelor's degree attainment. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Adelman, C. (2000). More than 13 ways of looking at degree attainment. Trenton, NHJ: New Jersey Council of County Colleges. Adelman, C. (2004). Principal indicators of student academic histories in postsecondary education, 1972-2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Adelman, P. B., & Vogel, S. A. (1990). College graduates with learning disabilities: Employment attainment and career patterns. Learning Disability Quarterly, 13(3), 154-166. Adler, P., & Adler, P. A. (1985). From idealism to pragmatic attachment: The academic performance of college athletes. Sociology of Education, 58, 242-250. Agbo, S. A. (2001). Enhancing success in American Indian students: Participatory research at Akwesasne as part of the development of a culturally relevant curriculum. Journal of American Indian Education, 40(1), 31-55. Aguilar, M. A. (1996). Promoting the educational achievement of Mexican American young women. Social Work in Education 18(3), 145-156. Aitken, N. D. (1982). College student performance, satisfaction and retention: Specification and estimation of a structural model. Journal of Higher Education, 53, No. 1, 32-50. Aldridge, S., & Rowley, J. (2001). Conducting a withdrawal survey. Quality in Higher Education, 7(1), 55-63. Alexander, K. L., Riordan, C., Fennessey, J., & Pallas, A. M. (1982). Social background, academic resources, and college graduation: Recent evidence from the national longitudinal survey. American Journal of Education, 90(4), 315-333. Alfred, R. L. (1983). Student attrition: Strategies for action. Kansas City, MO: Metropolitan Junior College District. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 085 064). Algozzine, B., Browder, D., Karvonen, M., Test, D. W., & Wood, W. M. (2001). Effects of interventions to promote self-determination for individuals with disabilities. Review of Educational Research, 71(2), 219-277. Allen, D. (1999). Desire to finish college: An empirical link between motivation and persistence. Research in Higher Education, 40(4), 461-486. Allen, D. F., & Nelson, J. M. (1989). Tinto's model of college withdrawal applied to women in two institutions. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 22(3), 1-11.

Allen, D., & Nora, A. (1995). An empirical examination of the construct validity of goal commitment in the persistence process. Research in Higher Education, 36(5), 509-533. Allen, T. D., & Eby, L. T. (2007). The blackwell handbook of mentoring: A multiple perspectives approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Allen, W. (1992). The color of success: African-American college student outcomes at predominantly white and historical black colleges and universities. Harvard Educational Review, 62, 26-44. Allen, W. R., Epps, E. G., & Haniff, N. Z. (1991). College in black and white: African American students in predominantly white and in historically Black public universities. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Allen, W. R. (1988). Improving Black student access and achievement in higher education. The Review of Higher Education, 11, 403-416. Allen, W. R. (1992). The college of success: African American college student outcomes at predominantly White and Historically Black colleges and universities. Harvard Educational Review, 62(1), 26-44. Alexitch, L. (1997, July-August). Student's educational orientation and preferences for advising from university professors. Journal of College Student Development, 38(4), 333-343. American Association for Higher Education (1992). Principles of good practice for assessing student learning. Washington, DC: American Association for Higher Education. American College Testing Program (1996). ACT Institutional Data File, 1996. Anaya, G. (1999). College impact on student learning: Comparing the use of self-reported gains, standardized test scores, and college grades. Research in Higher Education, 40, 499-526. Anderson, G. N., Dey, E., Gray, M., Walder, G. T. (1995). Mentors and protégés: The influence of faculty mentoring on undergraduate academic achievement. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 400 761. Anderson, J. (1984). Institutional differences in college effects. Boca Raton: Florida, Atlantic University Press. Anderson, K. L. (1981). Post-high school experiences and college attrition. Sociology of Education, 54, 1-15. Anderson, T., Howe, C., Soden, R., Halliday, J., & Low, J. (2001). Peer interaction and the learning of critical thinking skills in further education students. Instructional Science, 29(1), 1-32.

Andrade, M. S. (2006-2007). International student persistence: Integration or

cultural integrity? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 8(1), 57-81. Andrade, M. S. (2007-2008). Learning communities: Examining positive outcomes. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 9(1), 1-20. Andrew, L.D. & Russo, R. (1989). Who gets what? Impact of financial aid policies. Research in Higher Education, 30(5), 471-483. Angelo, J. M. (2006). Power mentoring. University Business, 9(5), 14-14. Angelo, T. A. (1997). The campus as learning community: Seven powerful shifts and seven powerful levers. AAHE Bulletin, 49(9), 3-6. Annis, L. F. (1983). The process and effects of peer tutoring. Human Learning, 21(1), 39-47. Ansley, T. N., & Forsyth, R. A. (1983). Relationship of elementary and secondary school achievement test scores to college performance. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 1103-1112. Antoniou, F., & Souvignier, E. (2007). Strategy instruction in reading comprehension: An intervention study for students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities -- A Contemporary Journal, 5(1), 41-57. Arbuckle, J., & Gale, D. (1996). A comparison of the psychosocial developmental levels of traditional freshman and non-freshman students: Are they really different? NACADA Journal, 16(1), 21-27. Armistead, L. P., Moore, D. M., & Vogler, D. E. (1987). Selected general education influences affecting degree completion for community college occupational students. Community College Review, 15(3), 55-59. Arnold, J. (2000). Student retention: Why do we keep losing them? Thought & Action, 16, 131-138. Arredondo, M. & Knight, S. (2005-2006). Estimating degree attainment rates of freshmen: A campus perspective. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 7 (1-2), 91-116. Arthur, N. (2003). Preparing international students for the re-entry transition. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 37(3), 173-185. Ashby, A. (2004). Monitoring student progress and retention in the Open University: Definition, measurement, interpretation and action. Open Learning, 19(1), 65-77. Asher, H. & Skenes, R. (1993). Can Tinto's student departure model be applied to nontraditional students? Adult Education Quarterly, 43(2) 90-100, Win 1993.

Astin, A. W. (1970). College influence: A comprehensive view. Contemporary

Psychology, 15(9), 543-546. Astin, A. W. (1972). College dropouts: A national profile. ACE Research Reports, 7(1). Washington, DC: American Council on Education. Astin, A. W. (1973). The impact of dormitory living on students. Educational Record, 54, 203-210. Astin, A. W. (1975). Preventing students from dropping out. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Astin, A. W. (1975). Financial aid and persistence. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 112 804). Astin, A. W. (1977). Four critical years: Effects of college on beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Astin, A. W. (1982). Minorities in American higher education: Recent trends, current prospects, and recommendations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., Publications. Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 25, 297-308. Astin, A. W. (1985). Achieving Educational Excellence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Astin, A. W. (1985). Assessment for excellence: A critical assessment of priorities and practices in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Astin, A. W. (1985, July/August). Involvement: The cornerstone of excellence. Change. 35-39. Astin, A. W. (1986). The importance of student involvement. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 92-95. Astin, A. W. (1993, September 22). College retention rates are often misleading. The Chronicle of Higher Education, A48. Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college: Four critical years revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Astin, A. W. (1993). An empirical typology of college students. Journal of College Student Development, 34, 36-46. Astin, A. W. (1994). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 297-308.

Astin, A. W. (1996). How "good" is your institution's retention rate? Research in Higher Education, 38(6), 647-658. Astin, A. W. (1996). Involvement in learning revisited: Lessons we have learned.

Journal of College Student Development, 37, 123-134. Astin, A. W. (1997). How "good" is your institution's retention rate? Research in Higher Education, 38(5), 647-658. Astin, A. W. (1998). The changing American college student: Thirty-year trends, 1966-1996. The Review of Higher Education, 21(2), 115-135. Astin, A. W. (1999). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 40(5), 518-529. Astin, A. W. (2003). Studying how college affects students-A personal history of the CIRP. About Campus, 8, 21-28. Astin, A. W. (2004, October 22). To use graduation rates to measure excellence, you have to do your homework. The Chronicle of Higher Education, B20. Astin, A. W. (2005-2006). Making sense out of degree completion rates. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 7 (1-2), 5-18. Astin, A. W., Keup, J. R., & Lindholm, J. A. (2002). A decade of changes in undergraduate education: A national study of system "transformation." The Review of Higher Education, 25(2), 141-162. Astin, A. W., & Lee, J. (2003). How risky are one-shot cross-sectional assessments of undergraduate students? Research in Higher Education, 44(6), 657-672. Astin, A. W., & Oseguera, L. (2003). Degree attainment among Latino undergraduates: Rethinking time-to-degree. Berkeley: California Policy Research Institute, UC Latino policy Institute. Astin, A. W., & Oseguera, L. (2005). Pre-college and institutional influences on degree attainment. In College student retention: Formula for student success. Ed. A. Seidman, 245-276. Westport, CT: ACE/Praeger. Astin, A. W. & Panos, R. (1967). Attrition among college students. American Educational Research Journal, 2, 1-19. Astin, A. W. & Panos, R. J. (1969). The educational and vocational development of college students. Washington, DC: American Council on Education. Astin, A. W. & Sax, L. J. (1998). How undergraduates are affected by service participation. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 251-263. Astin, A. W, Korn, W., & Green, K. (Winter 1987). Retaining and satisfying students. Educational Record, 68, 36-42.

Astin, A. W., Tsui, L., & Avalos, J. (1996). Degree attainment rates at American colleges and universities: Effects of race, gender, and institutional types (Report No. HE 029589). Lost Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute (ERIC Document

Reproduction Service No. ED 400 749). Astin, A. W., Vogelgesang, L. J., Ikeda, E. K., & Yee, J. A. (2000). How service learning affects students. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. Astone, N. M., & McLanahan, S. S. (1991). Family structure, parental practices, and high school completion. American Sociological Review, 56, 309-320. Attinasi, L. C. (1989). Getting in: Mexican Americans' perceptions of university attendance and implications for freshman year persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 60, 247-277. Attinasi, L. C. (1992). Rethinking the study of the outcomes of college attendance. Journal of College Student Development, 33, 61-70. Augustine, R. (1966). Persistence and attrition of engineering students. A study of freshmen and sophomore engineering students at three midwestern universities. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 014 740). Austin, A. A. & McDermott, K. A. (2003-2004). College persistence among single mothers after welfare reform: An exploratory study. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 5(2), 93-114. Austin, M., Cherney, E., Crowner, J., & Hill, A. (1997). The forum: Intrusive group advising for the probationary student. NACADA Journal, 17, 45-47. Austin, S. A. (2006-2007). A successful university-foundation partnership to assist non-traditional transfer women. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 8(3), 275-296.

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Backhus, D. (1989). Centralized intrusive advising and undergraduate retention. NACADA Journal, 9, 39-45. Bagayoko, D., & Kelly, E. (1994). The dynamics of student retention. Education, 115, 31-40. Bailey, B., Bauman, C., & Lata, K. A. (1998). Student retention and satisfaction: The evolution of a predictive model. Arlington, VA: Association of Institutional Research. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 424 797). Baird, L. (1990). Academic, personal, and situational factors in retention and community colleges (Research No. 90-1). A Publication of the Office of Higher Educational Research. College of Education, University of Kentucky.

Baker, J. A. (1991). Gay nineties: Addressing the needs of homosexual community

and junior college students and faculty. Community/Junior College, 15, 25-32. Baker, S. & Pomerantz, N. (2000-2001). Impact of learning communities on retention at a metropolitan university. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 2(2), 115-126. Bank, B. J., Biddle, B. J., & Slavings, R. L. (1990). Effects of peer, faculty, and parental influences on student persistence. The Sociological Quarterly, 63, 208-225. Bank, B., Biddle, B. J., & Slavings, R. L. (1992). What do students want? Expectations and undergraduate persistence. Sociological Quarterly, 33(3), 321-329. Bank, B. J., Biddle, B. J., & Slavings, R. L. (1994). First semester grades, thought modes, and undergraduate persistence. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19, 416-429. Banta, T. W., & Rudolph, L. B. (1996). Performance funding comes of age in Tennessee. Journal of Higher Education, 67(1), 23-46. Barefoot, B. O. (1993). Exploring the evidence: Reporting outcomes of freshman seminars. (Monograph No. 11). Columbia, SC: National Resource Center for the Freshman Year Experience. Barefoot, B. O. (2000, January-February). The first-year experience: Are we making it any better? About Campus, 12-18. Barefoot, B. O. (2004). Higher education’s revolving door: Confronting the problem of drop-out in US colleges and universities. Open Learning, 19(1), 9-18. Barefoot, B. O., & Fidler, P. P. (1996). The 1994 national survey of freshman seminar programs: Continuing innovations in the collegiate curriculum. Columbia, SC: University of south Carolina, National Resource Center for the Freshman Year Experience. Barefoot, B. O., Warnock, C. L., Dickinson, M. P., Richardson, S. E., & Roberts, M. R. (Eds.) (1998). Exploring the evidence: Reporting outcomes of first-year seminars. Columbia, SC: National Resource Center for the Freshman Year Experience [The First-Year Experience Monograph No. 25]. Bargar, R. R., & Mayo-Chamberlain, J. (1983). Advisor and advisee issues in doctoral education. Journal of Higher Education, 54(4), 407-432. Bargh, J. A., & Schul, Y. (1980). On the cognitive benefits of teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 593-604.

Barker, S., Felstehausen, G., Couch, S., & Henry, J. (1997). Orientation programs for

older and delayed-entry graduate students, NASPA Journal, 35, 57-68. Barr, M. J. and Associates (1993). The handbook of student affairs administration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Basile, K., & Henry, G. (1994). Understanding the decision to participate in formal adult education. Adult Education Quarterly, 44(2), 64-82. Baumgart, N., & Johnston, J. (1977). Attrition at an Australian university: A case study. Journal of Higher Education, 48, No. 5, 553-570. Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1992). Knowing and reasoning in college: Gender-related patterns in students’ intellectual development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Bayer, A. (1968). The college dropout: Factors affecting senior college completion. Sociology of Education, 41, 305-316. Beal, P., & Noel, L. (1980). What works in student retention. Boulder, Colorado: NCHEMS. Beal, P., & Pascarella, E. T. (1982). Designing retention interventions and verifying their effectiveness. In E. Pascarella (Eds.), Studying student attrition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Bean, J. P. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in Higher Education, 12(2). Bean, J. P. (1982). Conceptual models of student attrition. New Directions for Institutional Research, 36, 17-33. Bean, J. P. (1982). Student attrition, intentions, and confidence: Interaction effects in a path model. Research in Higher Education, 17, No. 4, 291-320. Bean, J. P. (1982). The application of a model of turnover in work organizations to the student attrition process. The Review of Higher Education, 6, No. 2, 129-148. Bean, J. P. (1985, Spring). Interaction effects based on class level in an explanatory model of college student dropout syndrome. American Educational Research Journal, 22, No. 1, 35-64. Bean, J. P. (1986). Assessing and reducing attrition. New directions for higher education: No. 53. Managing College Enrollments, 14(1), 47-61.

Bean, J. P. (2005). Nine themes of college student retention. In College student retention: Formula for student success. Ed. A. Seidman, 215-244. Westport, CT: ACE/Praeger.

Bean, J. P., Bradley, R. K. (July/August 1986). Untangling the satisfaction-performance relationship for college students. Journal of Higher Education, 57, 393-412. Bean, J. P., & Eaton, S. B. (2002). The psychology underlying successful retention practices. Journal of College Student Development, 3(1), 73-89. Bean, J. P., & Metzner, B. S. (1985, Winter). A conceptual model of nontraditional undergraduate student attrition. Review of Educational Research. 55(4), 485-540. Beatty-Guenter, P. (1994). Sorting, supporting, connecting and transforming: Retention strategies at community colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 18, 113-129. Beck, H. P., & Davidson, W. B. (2001). Establishing and early warning system: Predicting low grades in college students from Survey of Academic Orientation scores. Research in Higher Education, 42(6), 709-723. Bedford, M. H., & Durkee, P. E. (1989). Retention: Some more ideas. NASPA Journal, 27(2), 168-171. Beecher, M., & Fischer, C. (1999). High school courses and scores as predictors of college success. Journal of College Admission, 16(3), 4-9. Beeson, M. J. & Wessel, R. D. (2002). The impact of working on campus on the academic persistence of freshmen. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 32(2). Behrens, T. T., Newlon, B. J., & Duran, R. (1995). Facilitating the development of social interest as an intervention with at-risk career counseling clients (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 387 726). Beil, C., Reisen, C.A., & Zea, M.C. (1999, Fall). A longitudinal study of the effects of academic and social integration and commitment on retention. NASPA Journal, 37(1), 376-385. Belch, H. A. (2004-2005). Retention and students with disabilities. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 1(6), 3-22. Belcheir, M. J. (1997). An evaluation of the early impacts of the cluster program and first year experience seminar on new freshman. Idaho: Boise State University. (ERIC Documentation Reproduction Services, ED 409 769). Belgarde, M. J. & LoRe, R. K. (2003-2004). The retention/intervention study of Native American undergraduates at the University of New Mexico. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 5(2), 175-204.

Benally, H. (1994). Navajo philosophy of learning and pedagogy. Journal of American

Indian Education, XII (1), 23-31. Bender, W. N., Rosenkrans, C. B., & Crane, M. (1999). Stress, depression, and suicide among students with learning disabilities: Assessing the risk. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(2), 143-156. Benitez, M. (1998). Hispanic-serving institutions: Challenges and opportunities. New Directions for Higher Education, 26(2), 57-68. Bennet, C., & Bean, J. P. (1984). A conceptual model of black student attrition at a predominantly white university. Journal of Educational Equity and Leadership, 4, 173-188. Bennett, C., Okinaka, A. M. (1990). Factors related to persistence among Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White undergraduates at a predominantly White university: Comparisons between first and fourth year cohorts. Urban Review, 22, 33-60. Bennett, D. T., Wesley, H., Wesley, M. D. (1999-2000). Planning for imminent change in college admissions: Research on alternative admission criteria. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, & Practice, 1(1), 83-92. Benware, C., & Deci, E. (1984). Quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal, 21, 755-765. Benz, M., Lindstrom, L., & Yovanoff, P. (2000). Improving graduation and employment outcomes of students with disabilities: Predictive factors and student perspectives. Exceptional Children, 66(4), 509-529. Berg, H. M. & Ferber, M. A. (1983). Men and women graduate students: Who succeeds and why? Journal of Higher Education, 54, 629-648. Berger, J. B. (1997). Students' sense of community in residence halls, social integration, and first-year persistence. Journal of College Student Development, 38, 441-452. Berger, J. B. (2000). Organizational behavior at colleges and student outcomes: A new perspective on college impact, The Review of Higher Education, 23(1), 61-83. Berger, J. B., (2001-2002). Understanding the organizational nature of student persistence: Empirically-based recommendations for practice. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 3(1), 3-22. Berger, J. B., & Braxton, J. M. (1998). Revising Tinto's interactionalist theory of student departure through theory elaboration: Examining the role of organizational attributes in the persistence process. Research in Higher Education, 36(5), 595-612.

Berger, J. B. & Lyon, S. C. (2005). Past to present: A historical look at retention. In

College student retention: Formula for student success. Ed. A. Seidman, 1-30. Westport, CT: ACE/Praeger. Berger, J. B., & Milem, J. F. (1999). The role of student involvement and perceptions of integration in a causal model of student persistence. Research in Higher Education, 40(6), 641-664. Berkovitz, R. A., & O’Quin, K. (2006-2007). Predictors of graduation of readmitted "at risk" college students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 8(2), 199-214. Bers, T. H. (1988). Student major choices and community college persistence. Research in Higher Education, 29(2), 161-173. Bers, T. H., & Nyden, G. (2000-2001). The disappearing student: Students who leave before the census date. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 2(3), 205-218. Bers, T. H., & Smith, K. E. (1991). Persistence of community college students: The influence of student intent and academic and social integration. Research in Higher Education, 32(2), 529-556. Betz, N. E., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1987). The career psychology of women. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. Biggs, D. A., Brodie, J. S., & Barnhart, W. J. (1975). The dynamics of undergraduate academic advising. Research in Higher Education, 3, 345-357. Billings, D. M., & Cobb, K. L. (1992). Effects of learning style preference, attitude, and GPA on learner achievement using computer assisted interactive videodisc instruction. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 19(1), 12-16. Billson, J., & Brooks-Terry, M. (1982). In search of the silken purse: Factors in attrition among first-generation students. College and University, 58, 57-75. Billson, J. M., & Terry, M. B. (1987). A student retention model for higher education. College and University, 62, 290-305. Birdsall, L. (1994). Factors affecting retention of new students in their first semester: Fall 1992 cohort. California: Diablo Valley College (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 374 833). Birnbaum, R. (1970). Why community college transfer students succeed in 4-year colleges-the filter hypothesis. Journal of Educational Research, 63(6), 247-249.

Bishop, J. B., & Brennenman, K. A. (1986). An initial assessment of a counseling

center's role in retention. Journal of College Student Personnel, 27, 461-462. Blackhurst, A. E. (1995). The relationship between gender and student outcomes in a freshman orientation course. Journal of the Freshman Year Experience, 7(2), 63-80. Blackmore, A. E., & Low, S. A. (1983). Scholarship policy and race-sex differences in the demand for higher education. Economic Inquiry. 21, 504-509. Blanc, R., DeBuhr, L., & Martin, D. C. (1983). Breaking the attrition cycle: The effects of Supplemental Instruction on undergraduate performance and attrition. Journal of Higher Education, 54(1), 80-89. Bligh, D. A. (2000). What’s the use of lectures? San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Blimling, G. S. (1989). A meta-analysis of influence of college residence halls on academic performance. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 298-308. Blimling, G. S. & Whitt, E. J., & Associates (1999). Good practice in student affairs: Principles to foster student learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Blustein, D. L., Judd, T. P., Krom, J., Viniar, B., Padilla, E., Wedemeyer, R., Williams, D. (May 1986). Identifying predictors of academic performance of community college students. Journal of College Student Personnel, 27, 242-249. Blythman, M. & Orr, S. (2001-2002). Joined up policy: A strategic approach to improving retention in the UK context. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 3(3), 231-242. Bolender, R. (1994). A comparison of the effect of academic peer mentors on grade point averages of under prepared freshmen at Mount Vernon Nazarene College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 238 017). Bonham, L. A., & Luckie, J. I. (1993). Community college retention: differentiating among stopouts, dropouts, and optouts. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 17, 543-554. Borden, V. M. H., & Rooney, P. M. (1998). Evaluating and assessing learning communities. Metropolitan Universities, 9(1), 73-88. Borgard, J. H. (1981). Toward a pragmatic philosophy of academic advising. NACADA Journal, 1-6. Borgard, J. H., Hornbuckle, P. A., & Mahoney, J. (1977). Faculty perceptions of academic advising. NASPA Journal, 14, 4-10.

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